Aviation
The Russia’s 5 Most Dangerous Fighter Planes ever built.
As the Russian-Ukraine conflict continues, fighter jets are playing an increasingly important role in attacking the country. But the Russians have modern aero planes that can tear through any conflict. Let’s take a look at five of the most dangerous warplanes ever produced and their capabilities.
No 5, The Sukhoi Su 27.
It is a twin-engine supermaneuverable fighter aircraft with Soviet origins. It has a range of 3,530 kilometer’s, a fuel capacity of 9,400 kg, a top speed of 2,500 kilometers, heavy aircraft ordnance, modern avionics, and exceptional maneuverability. The Su-27 was developed for air superiority duties, although later variants can undertake nearly all aerial combat roles. It was created as a companion to the Mikoyan MiG-29.
No 4, The Mig 35
It is a Russian multirole fighter designed by Mikoyan, a United Aircraft Corporation division. It is a development of the MiG-29 and is marketed as a 4++ generation jet fighter. It has a top speed of 2,100 kilometres per hour and a combat range of 2100 kilometres. The klimov RD 33Mk has a maximum takeoff weight of roughly 24500 kg. With afterburner, it produces 88.2 kN.
It can climb 65,000 feet per minute and can carry a variety of bombs, as well as Air to Air and Surface missiles, as well as Anti-radiation and Anti-Ship Missiles.
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No 3, The Su-35.
It’s the name given to two upgraded versions of the Su-27 air-defense fighter. Sukhoi Design Bureau created them and the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Plant produced them. They are single-seat, twin-engine, supermaneuverable aircraft.
It has a top speed of 2400 km/h, a range of 3600 km, and a maximum altitude of 59000 feet.
It has a fuel capacity of 11,500 kg and a combat range of 1600 km. It can carry various weapons like S25, Air to air and the Surface and Anti-ship missiles and anti-radiations missiles. It can carry the TV guided and laser Guided bombs.
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No 2, Tu-160.
It is a supersonic, variable-sweep wing heavy strategic bomber designed by the Tupolev Design Bureau in the Soviet Union in the 1970s. It is the largest and heaviest Mach 2+ supersonic military aircraft ever built.
The 4 samara NK 321 afterburning engine powers this aircraft, which can take off up to 157,000 kg. It has a top speed of 2,220 km/h and a range of 12,300 km. It has a service ceiling of 52,000 feet and a rate of climb of 14,000 feet per minute.
It has two internal rotary launchers, each containing six Raduga Kh 55SM cruise missiles and twelve short-range nuclear missiles, and two internal bays for 45,000 kg of munitions.
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No 1, The Su 57.
Sukhoi has designed a single-seat, twin-engine stealth multirole fighter. The design combines stealth, supermaneuvrability, super cruise, integrated avionics, and considerable internal payload capacity, making it a multirole fighter capable of aerial warfare as well as ground and sea strike.
At Mach 1.5, the maximum speed is 2,135 km/h, with a range of 3500 km and a service ceiling of 66,000 feet. It has a 70 meter per seconds rate of ascent and It can carry a variety of missiles, including the r77 m and r74 m2 air-to-air missiles. Air-to-surface missiles weighing 4 kg and measuring 38 meters, as well as anti-ship and anti-radiation missiles. it can also carry 500 kg cluster bomb + active homing anti-tank drill
Aviation
Can Airline Seat Cushions Be Used As Life Jackets?
In the event of an aircraft ditching into water, there’s a common question: Can aircraft seats serve as an alternative to life jackets for flotation? The answer lies in understanding their respective functions.
While seat cushions can provide some buoyancy in water, they are not intended nor certified to function as life jackets. Their primary purpose is to offer cushioning for passengers during flight. On the other hand, life jackets are meticulously engineered to keep individuals afloat in water, equipped with buoyancy materials, secure straps, and reflective elements for visibility. They offer numerous advantages over mere cushions.
While a seat cushion might offer temporary assistance in staying afloat, it’s not a dependable substitute for a proper life jacket during an emergency. It’s crucial to utilize approved safety equipment when near bodies of water. A life jacket, designed to keep a person buoyant for extended periods, offers the rigidity needed for prolonged flotation and allows for easy movement of the arms to navigate effectively.
What fabric is used in aircraft seats?
Seats are meticulously designed to fulfill multiple purposes, ensuring passenger comfort, safety, and protection from unforeseen circumstances like fires and accidents. A typical design incorporates an aluminum frame with blocks of polyurethane foam affixed to it. Additionally, a layer of fire-resistant fabric, such as Kevlar or Nomex, is often applied over this framework, topped with a layer of cloth or leather.
Leather seats, while luxurious, are more expensive compared to traditional cloth seats. The majority of fabrics used in seat upholstery contain at least 90% wool fiber, with the remainder typically consisting of polyamide (nylon). Wool stands out as the primary fiber chosen for commercial airline seating fabric due to its desirable properties and suitability for such applications.
What is the lightest economy seat?
In recent times, airlines have been downsizing seat dimensions to accommodate more passengers, resulting in reduced cushion length and leg space. This contrasts with earlier times when airlines offered more generously cushioned seats and ample amenities.
According to Recaro Seats Company, their SL3710 model represents the lightest economy class seat available, weighing in at a mere 8 kg (17.6 lb.), setting a new standard in aircraft seating.
For individuals weighing more than 350 pounds, fitting into a standard economy-class seat can be a challenge due to the narrower dimensions. Economy seats, also referred to as “coach,” “standard,” or “main cabin” seats, typically range from about 40 to 48 centimeters in width, further emphasizing the need for more accommodating seating options.
Aviation
Does airline food have more salt? Here is the answer.
Whenever you fly with an airline, you often notice that the taste of the food is different from what you’re accustomed to on the ground. While passengers sometimes prioritize the food experience, have you ever wondered why airline food tends to be saltier? Let’s delve into this in the video.
Airline food has 15% more salt
One of the main challenges for chefs crafting meals served on airplanes is ensuring they are flavorful for passengers. To achieve this, chefs typically add more salt and seasoning, roughly 15% more salt is used, given that our taste buds are less sensitive by about 30% when we’re airborne.
The Role of Sodium: Sodium is a key ingredient used to enhance flavor, especially in the air where our senses can be dulled. On average, airline meals contain over 800mg of sodium, exceeding 40% of the daily limit recommended by the World Health Organization.
Altitude Alters Perception
Flavors are perceived differently at higher altitudes due to the dry cabin air and low humidity levels, which can diminish our ability to taste and smell. To compensate, airline chefs amp up the salt and seasoning to elevate the food’s taste.
Airline’s food Preservation:
Airline meals are prepared in advance and stored, necessitating longer preservation times. Salt serves as a natural preservative, ensuring the food maintains its quality and safety during storage and transportation.
However, excessive salt intake can pose health risks such as high blood pressure and dehydration, particularly problematic during air travel. Therefore, it’s crucial for airlines to strike a balance between flavor enhancement and maintaining a healthy sodium level in their meals.
An Indian content creator and food analyst discovered that the Indian-based carrier, IndiGo Airlines, incorporates higher levels of salt into its meals compared to standard food practices. According to him, “Many of us are aware that Maggi is high in sodium! What most don’t realize is that IndiGo’s Magic Upma contains 50% more sodium than Maggi, IndiGo’s Poha boasts approximately 83% more sodium than Maggi, and even Daal Chawal matches Maggi’s sodium content.”
Airlines
Why Don’t Airplanes Fly Over the Pacific Ocean?
Flights do indeed fly over the Pacific Ocean, but the routes they take are often determined by factors such as airline policies, air traffic control decisions, and weather conditions. The Pacific Ocean is one of the largest bodies of water on Earth, and it’s regularly crossed by numerous flights traveling between North America, Asia, Australia, and other destinations.
However, some specific routes might avoid flying directly over certain parts of the Pacific Ocean for various reasons. For example:
- Safety and emergency considerations: While modern aircraft are equipped with advanced safety features, airlines, and pilots may prefer routes that keep them closer to potential diversion airports or within range of search and rescue facilities in case of emergencies.
- Air traffic control restrictions: Airspace management authorities may impose certain restrictions or preferred routes for managing air traffic efficiently. These restrictions could be based on factors such as military operations, airspace congestion, or diplomatic considerations.
- Weather conditions: Pilots and airlines consider weather patterns when planning routes. While the Pacific Ocean generally experiences fewer weather-related disruptions compared to other regions, factors like turbulence, thunderstorms, or tropical cyclones can influence route selection.
- Managing Cost Factors: In route planning, airlines have to take fuel prices, maintenance costs, crew charges, and other operating costs into account. Direct routes over the Pacific Ocean may be more cost-effective for shorter distances, but they may also necessitate extra safety precautions, including carrying more fuel for longer overwater operations.
- Remote Locations and Navigational Challenges: The Pacific Ocean’s vastness poses navigational issues, particularly for aircraft operating over isolated regions with few ground-based navigational aids. For precise positioning and route direction, pilots must mostly rely on satellite-based technology and onboard navigation systems, which may necessitate additional training and equipment purchases.
- Lack of Suitable Landing Options in the Pacific Ocean: Unlike regions with dense air traffic and numerous airports, the Pacific Ocean has vast stretches of open water with few suitable landing options in case of emergencies. While long-range aircraft are equipped with safety features like life rafts and emergency locator transmitters, the lack of nearby airports can increase the time it takes for rescue and recovery operations to reach distressed aircraft, posing additional risks to passengers and crew. Therefore, flight routes may be planned to ensure proximity to potential diversion airports or alternate landing sites in case of unforeseen circumstances.